Friday, 15 April 2011

Teachers & technology


Be an educator is not a simple job as you see. It needs a lot of patient and scarifies so many things. In daily teacher's busy day, and getting hit on all fronts, some teachers may just ignore the technology or seldom use it for real instruction. In fact, there is little written about the subject and I do admit that. There is no place to try and get how best to use some technology in the classroom. Teachers have been left pretty much on their own to use it or not. For an educator new technology is no use if they don't know how to fully utilize it through teaching and learning. The best way is to get help from other teacher who really use with all type of technology in the classroom and besides that,all this can be shared through the advancement of internet where people get connected and sharing ideas.

There is a lot of websites which can be as good reference for the teachers some of it:

http://www.freetech4teachers.com
http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3752562
http://www.cikgublog.com/category/ict
http://www.sites4teachers.com

The good starts in implementing technology in education is always ask yourself: what, where, when and how to use the technology in the classroom. What do you do in your classroom on a daily or weekly basis.

For me,in order to utilize the use of technology in classroom what I can share is :
*using power point and projector

It makes me less writing while teaching, and the best is when it can be save and use for the next teaching.But it doesn't mean I do not need the whiteboard, it still needed as to write something or correction to the students.

*using e-mail as second medium of communication
E-mail can be as a good medium of communication to interact with the students as it is quite popular, clear message (black & white) & savings compare by phone.

*using video
sometimes video are great and so do with photos. If students need to be shown on a process a video can do that and they have a clear picture of what being learn.

Teachers don't feel distract when students paying attention better during new technologies as a sign of learning. Sometimes they just being entertained and technology is the starting point. For the teachers out there...."your goal is still for the students to be interested in learning and having desire to be engaged
.

Tuesday, 5 April 2011

Internet Marketing Money Making

These days internet marketing is a broad way that can be defined as the 'use of the internet to advertise and sell goods and services'. Essentially anything that is a service and which can make money on the internet is and can be interpreted as internet marketing.
As a result, marketing techniques and strategies such as: cost per click advertising, banner ads, search engine marketing, e-mail marketing, affiliate marketing, interactive advertising, search engine marketing (including search engine optimization), blog marketing, article marketing, and blogging can all come under the auspices of 'internet marketing'.

Over the past ten years, the internet as a global communication and exchange medium
has witnessed unprecedented growth. Globally, the number of websites increased from
23,000 in 1995 to more then 55 million in 2005 (Zakon, 2005).

The biggest advantage of online business is you can setup at any time and there is no compulsion of sitting in front of your PC for a particular period of time. Even if you are doing job somewhere, you can always use this as second option to make money on the internet. In online business, Internet marketing is one of the emerging trends now a days as companies around the world are spending millions of dollars to have their online presence and be on the top in search results.

Another great benefit is the low start up cost which is huge when you are setting up a business which has some physical existence. Also, the operational expenses and fixed cost are too high in a business where you are going for conventional business. Other than cost factors, it is more than a blessing when you are allowed to work in flexible hours. If you are doing Internet marketing, you have the flexibility to work from anywhere in flexible hours.
When you are starting an online business, you have to keep this in mind that initially you have to be patient and consistent in whatever you are doing. Internet Marketing does not give results overnight like any other business as you have to put the same amount of effort you were putting in your job. To make money on the internet, there has to be a plan of action and some goals which you want to achieve. The best way to do is to make a plan for the whole year and set monthly targets for you.

Through this way, you will be able to evaluate your performance and once you are consistently meeting your own performance criteria, you can increase it to earn even more. But again like mentioned earlier, this is not an easy job in the beginning as you have to work really hard in order to make your credibility among the people you are targeting. It is also not advisable to quit your main job and completely shift to online business from Day one. This would be an impractical approach to make money on the internet as initially you will be giving lesser time which you can increase with the passage of time when you are done with some successful projects.


So, with all the advantages and attractions you see in internet marketing, the consistency will lead you to success. As you will be handling clients from all over the world, you will have more experience and exposure compared to your colleagues working 9 to 5.

It is extremely rare these days to find any business that isn't utilizing the Internet in order to market its products or services. Regardless of whether you have a brick and mortar store on your local high street, whether you have a large multinational corporation, whether you simply run a small business from your own home, you should understand that the Internet is a crucial vehicle to use when generating traffic, visitors, and exposure.
There are loads of things that any entrepreneur can do in order to market their products and services on the Internet. To kick things off, it is a sensual to get yourself set up with a website. The website will represent your presence on the Internet and will be an excellent tool to expose you and your offerings to the local market.
Remember that your website is going to be pointless unless it is well ranked. If you set up a website and it appears on the 10th page of Google, it is never going to make an impact. To really stamp your markdown and to get people looking at your website, you need get it ranked on the first page, especially if you are targeting low keyword terms. Focus on optimizing your website and you will begin to generate organic traffic.
Write articles. Writing articles will be helpful both in building links to your website (something that is important in search engine optimization) and also in leveraging traffic. Article directories, blogs, and other similar resources will all accept the articles you write. If people are interested in these articles then they will read them and may even click on the link included in the resource box. This will direct them to your website, and will give you even more exposure.
Take advantage of online classifieds. Online classifieds will allow you to advertise your business, often for free. You can write a basic spiel regarding your business, services, products, and everything else in between. Submit these to all relevant classifieds and business directories and this also will increase your exposure.

References:
Zakon, R. (2005), “Hobbes’ internet timeline 1993-2005”, available at: www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

Alexander, James, J. "The state of internet marketing research", European Journal of Marketing, vol.41,2007.

Tuesday, 29 March 2011

The smartphone: A real bug????

The rise of the smartphone over the past few years has been a technology success story. Smartphones gives you lots of options to stay productive, have fun, listen to favorite music and lot more. Apart from work and fun you can also track the weather news and forecast from your smartphones with few user-friendly applications. These application are free as well as paid applications so that you can download the ones which you find useful.



As a busy person, the importance of staying a step ahead of your clients and your family. You probably know the feeling of being tied to your desk or home so as not to miss that important email or phone call and to maintain convenient access to essential data—proposals, schedules, contact information, business news or the stock market. However, thousands have newfound freedom using PDA-style smartphones designed for business (and fun). These cellular devices trace their roots back to the personal digital assistant or PDA. Originally used as businessperson’s right hand to track important client information, project statuses, and task lists, these devices have evolved into an everyman’s (and woman’s) tool.

These cellular devices are much more than just cell phones; they provide instant access to the web. Whether you’re researching news to predict the stock market or looking for the perfect golf course on the weekend, you’ll find it on the net.

Many of these devices allow you to sync with your desktop computer. This means you can store, view, and work on documents directly on your handheld. You can also receive and respond to emails as they arrive in your inbox on your home computer with real-time push email.

These produces can also serve as multimedia devices, so your entertainment goes with you. They can store and display pictures and videos of friends and family and even entire feature-length movies. Most can take pictures and capture video, but the most common multimedia function is the ability to play MP3s—sit back, relax, and enjoy your favorite tunes while traveling or during breaks.

Another perk of using one of these devices is the fairly recent development of third-party applications (or apps). These apps range from those geared toward hardworking business tasks to entertaining games and everything in between. With thousands of apps available to download in a range of prices, there’s sure to be something that will appeal.
An almost perfect storm of advancing materials science, chip set development, software innovation and social networking has fueled the progress in handset design and capability beyond that which could be imagined only a couple of decades ago. Having such tremendous computing power, alongside user’s private data and contacts makes a tempting target for criminals. It could be argued that the security industry has been slow in recognizing the threat to such devices so only now are we seeing products and services designed to improve smartphone security.

Very few businesses want their data to be less mobile, aside from those that have just gone through a major data loss incident and are hurriedly trying to bolt the doors after the data has gone. In fact many businesses seem to pride themselves on the mobility of their data, on the basis that their employees will be accessing work related data at all times of the day or night and will therefore be more productive. Whether employees are actually more productive is another discussion, but certainly the drive to mobilize data has resulted in the endpoint of most organization’s network being in the handbag or pocket of their employees.

One exciting part of data mobilization is the tidal wave of smartphones being used by businesses to access their data. But what are the particular security issues and opportunities that these smartphones present?


Of course data is more mobile than ever before. Few people pause to consider why we should automatically assume that all data should be made mobile. Very few computer security types are successful in stopping this demand, certainly outside a handful of top secret establishments. One of the first questions many a new employee will ask is how they can connect their smartphone to the data they use. After all the success of web sites such as salesforce.com is based on the fact that, like all cloud computing solutions, the data can be made available from anywhere. A young in age workforce knows nothing other than mobile computing.

Most businesses accept mobile computing and, during this inevitable embrace, need to decide how to best protect their data. After all, the smartphone is where it is happening.

Try to go into a phone shop and buy a phone that doesn’t, at least, have some “smart” features and you will have a problem. Some organizations that try and equip their workforce with phones that don’t have a camera for security reasons have a problem. Some manufacturers have woken up to this and are now producing basic phones, especially for the older generation that may need improved handset accessibility. Consider that the biggest growing group of Facebook users are the 35 year old plus, all of who will want to access their accounts long into the future. Even if the Facebook site isn’t around a successor will be as social networking appears to be deeply entrenched into so many people’s lives.

Smartphone hardware marches on relentlessly. Handsets are certainly getting more powerful, for example in 2010 LG announced the Optimus 2X with a dual core 1GHz processor. Research has shown that 2011 is the year when smartphone shipments will overtake PC shipments, and both PCs and smartphones lay neck and neck at around 400 million units each, per year. The amazing growth in these fantastically powerful devices presents us as security experts with a significant challenge.

On top of all their other concerns most CISOs are now having to worry about a number of smartphone security issues:

* Are my smartphones going to be infected with malware?
* Is my smartphone based data secure?
* Will my mobile voice traffic be secure?
* Can my smartphones be remotely managed?


There is no longer a discussion about whether these devices should be allowed, now the conversation is how they can be accommodated safely and securely. Ultimately the CISO is worried about risk to the business, and in particular how this new smartphone risk can be managed whilst at the same time the business productivity of users improved.


Cast one’s mind forward 20 years and it boggles at the depth and breadth of attacks our mobile phones will be subject to. In the meantime anyone that conducts sensitive business using a mobile phone should seriously consider implementing preventative measures sooner rather than later. As more and more people use their mobile phones to run their entire lives, attackers will focus their efforts on getting the information they need from these devices. In many respects attitudes towards mobile phone data security reflect those held 20 years ago towards the humble personal computer. Back then attacks were minimal, anti-malware was yet to become established and hacking was in its infancy. Now we are in a maelstrom of attacks against the PC using sophistication and scale we previously thought impossible. The smartphone is next on the list.


References:
Nigel Stanley, Practice Leader Security, Bloor is speaking on “Can You Turn Mobile Devices To Your Advantage Or Are They The Next Big Security Hole?” in the keynote programme at Infosecurity Europe 2011.

The need of Technology in Education

As modern devices like tablet computers, laptops and PDAs develop more of a presence in our school system, it becomes more important for educators, students and parents to understand the role of information technology in education today. ........New technology is not only a subject of itself, but can be applied to any subject, enhancing the learning experience and equipping students to join an increasingly global workforce.

There are some reasons why we need technology in education:

* Education is a life long process therefore anytime anywhere access to it is the need
* Information explosion is an ever increasing phenomena therefore there is need to get access to this information
* Education should meet the needs of variety of learners and therefore IT is important in meeting this need
* It is a requirement of the society that the individuals should posses technological literacy
* We need to increase access and bring down the cost of education to meet the challenges of illiteracy and poverty-IT is the answer

Sunday, 27 March 2011

Say NO to Online Scams



The rise of the internet has opened up the world to millions of people. It is now possible to do things that were unheard of only ten or even five years go.Unfortunately the internet is not free from scams and scammers. Some scams are especially designed to take advantage of the way the internet works. A lot of internet scams take place without t the victim even noticing. It is only when their credit card statement or phone bill arrives that the person realises that they might have been scammed.

Internet fraud is an epidemic that costs US$7.1 billion as of 2007 (Center of American Progress), growing from a figure of only US$2.6 billion in 2004. The advent of the internet and proliferation of its use makes it an attractive medium for communicating the fraud, enabling a worldwide reach. Solicitation of internet fraud most frequently occurs via e-mail (Joshua Chang, 2010).

It is possible to buy almost anything over the internet these days. Unfortunately, scammers can use the anonymous nature of the internet to rip off unsuspecting shoppers.
Scammers can pretend to be selling a product—often very cheaply—just so they can steal your credit card or bank account details. Similarly, they may take your money but send you a faulty or worthless product instead—or even nothing at all.

There is a lot of scams arise nowdays in the era of technology such as online scams, banking and online account scams,chain letter and pyramid scams,identity theft scams, investment scams,job and employment scams, mobile phone scams,money transfer scams,small business scams and many more.



Phishing Scams
It happen when you receive an e-mail that looks like it came from your bank, warning you about identity theft and asking that you log in and verify your account information. The message says that if you don't take action immediately, your account will be terminated.The thing is even though the e-mail looks like the real deal, complete with authentic logos and working Web links, it's a clever fake. The Web site where you're told to enter your account information is also bogus. In some instances, really smart phishers direct you to the genuine Web site, then pop up a window over the site that captures your personal information.

Auction & shopping scams
Online auctions can be rigged by scammers or used to target you for a scam outside of the auction site. You could end up with a dud product or nothing at all for your money.


Domain name renewal scams
Scams that send you a fake renewal notice for your actual domain name, or a misleading invoice for a domain name that is very similar to your own.

Spam (junk mail) offers
Spam emails, SMS or MMS usually offer free goods or ‘prizes’, very cheap products or promises of wealth. Responding to spam messages can result problems for you computer and your bank account.

'Free' offers on the internet
Offers of ‘free’ website access, downloads, holidays, shares or product trials – but you have to supply your credit card or other personal details.

Modem jacking
Modem-jacking scams secretly change the phone number dial-up modems use to access the internet to an overseas or premium rate phone number. You could pay hundreds of dollars extra.

Spyware & key-loggers
Spyware is a type of software that spies on what you do on your computer. Key-loggers record what keys you press on your keyboard. Scammers can use them to steal your online banking passwords or other personal information.

'Nigerian 419' scams


You are promised huge rewards if you help someone transfer money out of their country by paying fees or giving them your bank account details.

Transferring money for someone else
If you agree to transfer money for someone you don’t know, you let scammers use your bank account to ‘launder’ their dirty money. This puts you and your money in the firing line.


Some people hold beliefs that leave them even more vulnerable to scams. They think that all companies, businesses and organisations are legitimate and okay because they are all vetted and approved by the government or some other authority. That is so wrong! Somehow they got the idea that there are short cuts to wealth that only a few people know. Ask yourself the question: if someone knew a secret to instant wealth why would they be spending their time telling everyone, or need to charge people money for it? The conclusion is educate your friends and family who love to use the Internet to say NO to online scams!They can still be too busy checking their emails or facebook,MySpace and other social media pages to know these signs.



References:
Dyan Tinan "Top Five Online Scams"

Friday, 18 March 2011

Testing 2: Moh Makan Secara Sihat

Kesihatan diri merupakan harta yang paling berharga namun ramai yang tidak menyedarinya sehingga ditimpa sesuatu penyakit yang tenat. Ramai juga yang tidak menyedari akan peranan pengambilan makanan yang berkhasiat untuk memastikan kesihatan yang baik.

Punca utama serangan penyakit-penyakit tenat seperti kanser dan penyakit jantung ialah kerana tidak memakan makanan yang sempurna dan kurang memakan makanan yang berkhasiat.

Seorang Pakar Pemakanan dari Amerika Syarikat, Frances M Lappe berkata rakyat di negaranya mempunyai diet yang tidak menyihatkan. Dalam bukunya 'Diet for a Small Planet' beliau berkata penduduk negara itu memakan terlalu banyak daging, lemak, gula, alkohol, bahan penambah tetapi kurang memakan makanan berserat.

Tabiat ini juga mulai merebak di kalangan rakyat Malaysia yang pada umumnya memakan kian banyak makanan berproses. Adakah anda salah seorang daripada mereka? Adakah diet anda mempunyai ciri-ciri seperti berikut?

  • Tidak terlalu banyak lemak dan kolesterol.

Makanan seperti daging telur dan hasil tenusu seperti mentega dan keju merupakan sumber protein, vitamin dan galian yang baik tetapi ia juga mengandungi banyak lemak dan kolesterol.

Lemak boleh menyebabkan kegemukan, mendorong serangan jantung dan meningkatkan risiko serangan kanser sementara kolesterol menjadi punca utama sakit jantung.

Makanan berproses dan snek seperti kentang goreng dan kerepek juga mengandungi banyak lemak dan kolesterol begitu juga dengan makanan jualan penjaja.

  • Tidak terlalu banyak gula.
Makanan yang diproses dan makanan manis seperti kek coklat dan aiskrim mengandungi banyak gula yang memberikan sejumlah besar kalori tanpa khasiat makanan atau serat.Kehadiran gula juga menggantikan makanan yang berkhasiat dan menyingkirkan beberapa vitamin dan galian dari tubuh. Memakan gula yang berlebihan bermakna anda menanggung risiko kerosakan gigi, kegemukan dan masalah-masalah lain yang dikaitkan dengannya seperti kencing manis, serangan jantung dan sebagainya.


  • Tidak terlalu banyak garam

Makanan segera, makanan dalam tin, daging yang diawet dan makanan ringan bergaram seperti kentang goreng, mengandungi terlalu banyak garam.
Memakan terlalu banyak garam boleh menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi yang akhirnya boleh membawa kepada serangan jantung atau strok. Sesetengah orang mungkin menghadapi masalah terlalu banyak air di bawah kulit.

  • Lebihkan serat dalam menu
Tanpa pengambilan serat, makanan mengambil masa antara 70 - 80 jam untuk melalui saluran penghadaman. Mengurangkan masa yang diambil makanan untuk melalui saluran itu dapat melindungi daripada serangan kanser usus besar dan rektum dengan mencairkan bahan beracun yang terdapat di dalam usus besar dan mempercepatkan pengeluarannya dari tubuh.

Setiap manusia mempunyai keperluan yang berbeza, oleh itu anda harus menentukan sendiri apa yang terbaik untuk diri anda. Untuk memastikan anda makan berlebihan, anda mungkin perlu menimbang berat badan dari semasa ke semasa atau perhatikan sama ada terdapat perubahan ketika berpakaian iaitu sama ada pakaian kian sendat atau tetap seperti biasa.

Kita perlu mengimbangi tenaga (makanan) yang kita perolehi dengan tenaga yang digunakan untuk kegiatan seharian. Jika anda berkejar ke sana ke mari sepanjang hari, bererti anda telah menggunakan lebih banyak tenaga berbanding jika anda hanya duduk sepanjang masa. Jika anda memakan melebihi keperluan tubuh, maka lebihan makanan itu akan tersimpan sebagai lemak.

Diet anda menentukan keadaan kesihatan anda sepertimana pepatah diri anda ialah apa yang anda makan. Oleh itu penting bagi anda mengamalkan tabiat makan yang baik dari peringkat muda lagi.

Monday, 14 March 2011

Testing 1:Tsunami Vs Ekonomi Malaysia

Dunia dikejutkan berita panas dengan bencana alam tsunami yang melanda jepun baru-baru ini. Ada yang mengatakan ianya merupakan sebahagian tanda-tanda akhir zaman, mentari petang ditemani bulan yang kemerahan menandakan akan berlaku kematian yang melibatkan jumlah angka yang drastik. Terdahulu dunia juga dikejutkan dengan berita-berita pergolakkan politik yang berlaku di Timur Tengah  yang mampu memberikan reaksi terhadap nilai minyak......Walaupun Malaysia bebas dari bencana tersebut namun terpikirkah kita akan tempias-tempias yang bakal melanda? Terdapat beberapa kupasan menarik telah dibuat oleh Dr. Borjoyai Bardai merupakan seorang tokoh pendidikan dan  juga merupakan pakar bidang ekonomi begitu juga dengan Datuk Salleh Majid berhubung Bursa Malaysia yang mewakili dagangan saham.
Sejauh manakah kita bersedia menghadapi ancaman ekonomi dunia? Sama-samalah kita memikirkannya......

Tsunami di Jepun gugat ekonomi dunia

Oleh S Anand Kumar
anand@bharian.com.my
2011/03/13

Bencana terburuk landa negara Matahari Terbit turut beri kesan pelaburan di Malaysia

KELMARIN, memori ngeri 2004 yang menghantui seluruh dunia kembali apabila Jepun pula ranap dilanda tsunami, kali ini dilaporkan bencana terburuk dalam tempoh 140 tahun.

Dengan gegaran berukuran 8.9 pada skala Richter, kawasan timur laut Jepun berubah wajah ibarat dilanda garuda. Apa tidaknya, hempasan tsunami mencecah ketinggian 10 meter menyapu bersih apa saja yang berada dalam laluannya.

Pakar ekonomi antarabangsa meramalkan bencana itu akan memberi kesan kepada kuasa ekonomi ketiga terbesar dunia itu yang kini perlu merangka semula pembangunan ekonominya secara meluas.

Tahun 2011 yang baru masuk bulan ketiga, nyata tidak banyak membawa berita gembira. Pergolakan dan perang saudara di Libya memburukkan suasana, ditambah pula perkembangan terbaru di Jepun.

Rasa khuatir pasti berganda jika mengambil kira ramalan pakar ekonomi kita, Prof Dr Barjoyai Bardai yang tidak pun berselindung untuk mengakui apa yang berlaku di Asia Barat dan utara Afrika pasti mengundang kesan negatif.

“Ketika krisis di Asia Barat, ramai yang bimbang. Kekacauan di Libya menyebabkan harga minyak naik dan kesannya akan turut menyebabkan kos sara hidup meningkat. Kini berlaku pula bencana di Jepun, sudah tentu kesan besar akan dirasai ekonomi dunia dan tempiasnya juga akan turut dirasai negara kita.

“Fenomena itu mampu meningkatkan kadar inflasi serta memperlahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi,” jelasnya.

Jangkaan itu berikutan status Jepun antara pengeluar terbesar produk elektronik dan pada masa sama, ia juga antara gergasi dalam industri automotif.

“Kita belum tahu berapa besar kesan tsunami kepada ekonomi Jepun dan juga dunia kerana bencana itu berlaku petang Jumaat (kelmarin). Kita akan dapat tahu keputusannya dalam tempoh beberapa hari lagi,” katanya.

Dr Barjoyai menyifatkan keadaan ekonomi global sebenarnya sedia ada dalam keadaan ‘cemas’ dengan ekonomi Amerika Syarikat (AS) juga dijangka mula merosot menjelang akhir tahun ini disebabkan pelbagai faktor semasa dunia.

“Jika ini berterusan, ia juga dijangka memberi kesan kepada ekonomi Malaysia dan mungkin memperlahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi kita tahun depan. Dunia masih bergantung kepada mata wang AS, tetapi ia pula semakin lemah dan boleh memberi kesan serius kepada ekonomi global,” tambahnya.

Kelmarin, harga saham di Bursa Malaysia mencatatkan penurunan mendadak pada akhir dagangan berikutan tekanan jualan berlarutan yang dicetuskan kebimbangan pelabur berhubung krisis di Libya dan gempa bumi di Jepun.

Pelabur juga mengambil sikap berhati-hati sambil memantau perkembangan di Arab Saudi yang mana aktivis dijangka mengadakan tunjuk perasaan dengan risikonya mampu mendorong kejatuhan harga saham.

Timbalan Menteri Perdagangan Antarabangsa dan Industri, Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir menyatakan Malaysia akan turut terkena tempias dari segi ekonomi berikutan bencana di Jepun kerana negara itu rakan dagang agak besar selain banyak melabur di negara ini.

Seorang lagi pakar ekonomi, Datuk Salleh Majid yang turut bersetuju dengan pendapat Dr Barjoyai, berkata keadaan di Libya dan Jepun ketika ini memang akan memberi kesan kepada perkembangan ekonomi Malaysia dan dunia.

Sehubungan itu, katanya, Malaysia perlu membuat perancangan pelaburan strategik bagi memastikan ekonomi negara sentiasa mencatatkan perkembangan positif.

Ketua Penyelidikan Runcit Affin Investment Bank, Dr Nazri Khan, dilaporkan berkata harga saham di Bursa Malaysia mungkin didagangkan dalam jajaran kecil minggu depan kerana pelabur mengambil sikap berhati-hati ekoran kebimbangan terhadap krisis Libya dan jangkaan kemelesetan ekonomi susulan bencana di Jepun.

“Kesan tsunami di Jepun dengan Yen dan Nikkei susut ke paras rendah dalam masa dua minggu serta ketidaktentuan harga minyak di Arab Saudi dengan minyak mentah mencecah paras tinggi dalam masa 27 bulan pada AS$120, bersedia membawa kepada penurunan itu,” katanya.